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Eurostat API Reference import https://github.com/K-Dense-AI/scientific-agent-skills/blob/9c9bd2e9/skills/database-lookup/references/eurostat.md 9c9bd2e9 2026-06-26 prompt accepted upstream false

Eurostat API Reference

Overview

Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union, providing statistics on economy, population, trade, labor, environment, and more for EU/EEA member states and partner countries. The API follows the SDMX (Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange) standard.

Base URL

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1

An older JSON-stat endpoint also exists:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0

Authentication

No API key required. The API is fully open and free.

Rate Limits

  • No formal rate limits documented.
  • Eurostat may throttle aggressive scraping. Keep automated requests to 1-2 per second.
  • Large datasets may time out; use filters to reduce response size.

Key Endpoints (SDMX 2.1 API)

1. Get Dataset (Observations)

GET /data/{datasetCode}/{filter}
Parameter Required Description
datasetCode Yes Eurostat dataset code (e.g., nama_10_gdp, demo_pjan)
filter No Dot-separated dimension filter. Use + for multiple values in a dimension, . to separate dimensions, empty segment for "all".

Query parameters:

Parameter Required Description
format No sdmx+json (default), sdmx+csv, sdmx+xml, TSV
startPeriod No Start year/quarter/month: 2015, 2020-Q1, 2020-01
endPeriod No End year/quarter/month
detail No full (default), dataonly, serieskeysonly, nodata
lang No en (default), fr, de

Example (GDP at market prices for Germany and France, annual, 2018-2023):

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/nama_10_gdp/A.CP_MEUR.B1GQ.DE+FR?startPeriod=2018&endPeriod=2023

Example (total population by country, annual):

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/demo_pjan/A.NR.T.TOTAL.DE+FR+IT+ES?startPeriod=2015&endPeriod=2023

Example (unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, monthly):

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/une_rt_m/M.SA.TOTAL.PC_ACT.T.EA20?startPeriod=2023-01&endPeriod=2024-12

Example (HICP inflation, all items, monthly):

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/prc_hicp_mmor/M.RCH_A.CP00.DE+FR+IT?startPeriod=2023-01&endPeriod=2024-06&format=sdmx+json

2. Get Dataset as CSV

Append ?format=sdmx+csv to any data request for a flat CSV response that is easier to parse.

Example:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/nama_10_gdp/A.CP_MEUR.B1GQ.DE+FR?startPeriod=2018&endPeriod=2023&format=sdmx+csv

3. Get Dataset Structure (Dimensions and Code Lists)

GET /datastructure/ESTAT/{datasetCode}

Example:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/datastructure/ESTAT/nama_10_gdp

Returns dimension names, positions, and code list references.

4. Get Code List (Dimension Values)

GET /codelist/ESTAT/{codelistId}

Example:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/codelist/ESTAT/GEO

5. Search/Browse Datasets (Dataflows)

GET /dataflow/ESTAT/all

Returns all available Eurostat datasets. Add ?detail=allstubs for a lighter listing.

Example:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/dataflow/ESTAT/all?detail=allstubs

JSON-stat API (Simpler Alternative)

Base URL

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data

Get Data

GET /data/{datasetCode}?{dimension_filters}

Dimensions are passed as query parameters using their dimension name.

Example (GDP for DE and FR):

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nama_10_gdp?geo=DE&geo=FR&unit=CP_MEUR&na_item=B1GQ&freq=A&time=2020&time=2021&time=2022&lang=en

Response (JSON-stat format):

{
  "version": "2.0",
  "label": "GDP and main components (output, expenditure and income)",
  "id": ["freq", "unit", "na_item", "geo", "time"],
  "size": [1, 1, 1, 2, 3],
  "dimension": {
    "geo": {
      "label": "Geopolitical entity",
      "category": {
        "index": {"DE": 0, "FR": 1},
        "label": {"DE": "Germany", "FR": "France"}
      }
    },
    "time": {
      "label": "Time",
      "category": {
        "index": {"2020": 0, "2021": 1, "2022": 2}
      }
    }
  },
  "value": {3336010.0, 3601750.0, 3876810.0, 2310420.0, 2500870.0, 2639090.0},
  "status": {}
}

Values are in a flat array; use dimension sizes to reshape.

Common Dataset Codes

Code Description
nama_10_gdp GDP and main components
nama_10_pc GDP per capita
namq_10_gdp GDP quarterly
demo_pjan Population on 1 January
demo_gind Population change (births, deaths, migration)
une_rt_m Unemployment rate (monthly)
une_rt_a Unemployment rate (annual)
lfsi_emp_a Employment rate (annual)
prc_hicp_manr HICP inflation (annual rate of change, monthly)
prc_hicp_mmor HICP inflation (monthly rate of change)
ext_lt_maineu EU trade by partner (main partners)
ext_st_27_2020sitc International trade by SITC
bop_c6_q Balance of payments (quarterly)
gov_10dd_edpt1 Government deficit/surplus
gov_10a_main Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates
sts_inpr_m Industrial production (monthly)
tour_occ_nim Tourism (nights spent at accommodation)
env_air_gge Greenhouse gas emissions
tec00114 GDP growth rate (percentage change)
tec00118 Government debt as % of GDP

Common Country Codes (ISO 2-letter, Eurostat uses uppercase)

AT Austria, BE Belgium, BG Bulgaria, CY Cyprus, CZ Czechia, DE Germany, DK Denmark, EE Estonia, EL Greece, ES Spain, FI Finland, FR France, HR Croatia, HU Hungary, IE Ireland, IT Italy, LT Lithuania, LU Luxembourg, LV Latvia, MT Malta, NL Netherlands, PL Poland, PT Portugal, RO Romania, SE Sweden, SI Slovenia, SK Slovakia

Aggregates: EU27_2020 (EU-27), EA20 (Euro area 20), EA19 (Euro area 19), EEA30_2007 (EEA)

Note: Greece uses EL (not GR) in Eurostat.

SDMX JSON Response Format

{
  "header": {
    "id": "...",
    "prepared": "2024-01-15T10:00:00"
  },
  "dataSets": [
    {
      "series": {
        "0:0:0:0": {
          "observations": {
            "0": [3336010.0],
            "1": [3601750.0]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "dimensions": {
      "series": [...],
      "observation": [...]
    }
  }
}

In SDMX+JSON, dimension values are encoded as integer indices. The structure.dimensions section maps indices to codes and labels. This is compact but requires index lookup.

Notes

  • Dimension order in the filter path depends on the dataset structure. Always check /datastructure/ESTAT/{code} first.
  • Use + to select multiple values in one dimension (e.g., DE+FR+IT).
  • Leave a dimension segment empty (consecutive dots ..) to select all values.
  • CSV format (?format=sdmx+csv) is recommended for easier parsing -- it returns flat rows with labeled columns.
  • The JSON-stat API is simpler for quick queries but the SDMX API is more powerful and complete.
  • Dataset codes can be found at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/ by browsing themes.
  • Large unrestricted queries may time out. Always filter by country and time period.
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